CONCLUSION: CPs were associated with subtle, yet widespread, alterations in brain structure. Findings overlapped with differences observed in categorically-measured conduct disorder, but novel associations with cortical thickness were identified. This provides further evidence that neuroanatomical differences are not limited to youths with clinically-elevated CPs. Our findings have potential implications for neurocognitive models of CPs as they extend beyond the regions highlighted in these...

Conduct disorder (CD) is the leading global cause of mental health burden in children and adolescents and has recently been hypothesized to be a neurodevelopmental disorder. Although prior research has identified neuroanatomical differences associated with CD, it remains unclear whether these differences reflect atypical brain development. Here, we investigated the difference between an individual's brain age and chronological age as a proxy for variations in brain maturation. Using a pretrained...

CONCLUSION: This pilot study strongly suggests that cadaveric surgical simulation significantly increases interest in surgical careers among preclinical osteopathic medical students. The impact was particularly strong in specialties directly represented in the simulations and among first-year students. These findings highlight the potential value of integrating structured surgical experiences into the early curriculum at osteopathic institutions, especially those without direct affiliations to...

CONCLUSIONS: The findings for males support an influential neurocognitive model of CD. However, the association between CU traits and brain response to facial expressions differed in females and males with CD, suggesting distinct pathophysiological processes.

Neuroimaging studies suggest that resilience to adversity is linked to reduced emotional reactivity or enhanced emotion regulation. However, such studies are scarce and mainly use adult samples and categorical definitions of resilience. Using a novel, data-driven approach to define resilience dimensionally, based on cumulative adversity exposure across childhood and psychopathology, we investigated associations between resilience and brain activation during facial emotion processing in youth. We...