CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that rs-fMRI combined with advanced graph theoretical analysis and disruption indices is able to detect early and subtle functional changes of brain networks in HIV patients.

Primary open angle Glaucoma (POAG) is one of the most common causes of permanent blindness in the world. Recent studies have suggested the hypothesis that POAG is also a central nervous system disorder which may result in additional (i.e., extra-ocular) involvement. The aim of this study is to assess possible structural, whole-brain connectivity alterations in POAG patients. We evaluated 23 POAG patients and 15 healthy controls by combining multi-shell diffusion weighted imaging, multi-shell,...

In 2019, approximately 38 million people were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has determined a change in the course of HIV infection, transforming it into a chronic condition which results in cumulative exposure to antiretroviral drugs, inflammatory effects and aging. Relatedly, at least one quarter of HIV-infected patients suffer from cognitive, motor and behavioral disorder, globally known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)....

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by death of retinal ganglion cells and loss of their axons, progressively leading to blindness. Recently, glaucoma has been conceptualized as a more diffuse neurodegenerative disorder involving the optic nerve and also the entire brain. Consistently, previous studies have used a variety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and described widespread changes in the grey and white matter of patients. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) provides...

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is commonly employed to study changes in functional brain connectivity. Recently, the hypothesis of a brain involvement in primary open angle glaucoma has sprung interest for neuroimaging studies in this pathology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a putative reorganization of brain networks in glaucomatous patients through graph-theoretical measures of integration, segregation and centrality by exploiting a multivariate...