INTRODUCTION: Neuroinflammation, a pathophysiological process involved in numerous disorders, is typically imaged using [^(11)C]PBR28 (or TSPO) PET. However, this technique is limited by high costs and ionizing radiation, restricting its widespread clinical use. MRI, a more accessible alternative, is commonly used for structural or functional imaging, but when used using traditional approaches has limited sensitivity to specific molecular processes. This study aims to develop a deep learning...

CONCLUSIONS: In MS, CPR increase relates to imaging markers of compartmentalized disease activity including cortical lesions and PRL and is a critical predictor of disease progression. Our findings could provide the rationale for implementing CPR estimation for prognosis prediction in MS.

Electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies have revealed how the brain encodes various visual categories and concepts. An open question is how combinations of multiple visual concepts are represented in terms of the component brain patterns: are brain responses to individual concepts composed according to algebraic rules? To explore this, we generated "conceptual perturbations" in neural space by averaging fMRI responses to images with a shared concept (e.g., "winter" or "summer"). After...

CONCLUSIONS: Both common and disorder-specific alterations were identified, with regions involved in salience attribution and emotion processing implicated across internalizing and externalizing disorders. These novel findings can guide future research targeting common biological processes across youth psychiatric disorders as well as features unique to individual disorders.

Our aim is to evaluate the effect of a structured stress reduction intervention based on mindfulness during pregnancy on the maternal brain. We report a secondary analysis of IMPACT BCN, a randomized clinical trial including pregnant women randomly allocated to 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (n = 41) or usual care (without any intervention, n = 35). Maternal magnetic resonance (MR) was performed in the third trimester, cluster-wise analysis was used to assess cortical morphometric...